Which type of chemical agent primarily affects the nervous system?

Neurotoxic agents are specifically designed to disrupt the normal function of the nervous system. These agents interfere with the transmission of nerve impulses, often by targeting neurotransmitters or the processes that regulate nerve functionality. Examples include sarin, VX, and other nerve agents, which can lead to severe symptoms such as convulsions, respiratory failure, and ultimately death if exposure is significant. The primary characteristic that distinguishes neurotoxic agents from other types of chemical warfare agents is their ability to affect neuronal communication, thereby incapacitating or killing individuals by impairing essential bodily functions controlled by the nervous system.

In contrast, asphyxiants target the respiratory system by preventing the uptake of oxygen, while blister agents cause physical damage to skin and mucous membranes without primarily affecting the nervous system. Blood agents function by disrupting cellular respiration at the metabolic level, often through interactions with hemoglobin, but they do not primarily affect neural pathways. Understanding the specific mechanisms of action for these different categories helps responders determine appropriate first aid and treatment protocols in cases of exposure.